logo czasopisma

Artykuły

Tom 60 Nr 1 (2026): Prawo i Więź

Sustainable Consumer Data Protection in Vietnam’s E-Commerce: Bridging Legal Gaps Through Global Insights

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36128/19cd0230
Przesłane
16 grudnia 2025
Opublikowane
19-02-2026

Abstrakt

Vietnam’s enactment of the Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL), in 2025, scheduled to enter into force in 2026, represents a landmark shift toward codifying a modern data protection regime. Yet, the law enters a digital marketplace dominated by data-driven e-commerce platforms, uneven institutional capacities, and fragmented regulatory frameworks. This paper examines whether the PDPL can meaningfully safeguard consumer personal data in Vietnam’s rapidly expanding e-commerce sector, and what legal, institutional, and comparative insights can support its sustainable implementation. Drawing on a structured comparative analysis of the EU’s GDPR, China’s PIPL, and California’s CCPA, the paper evaluates how different regulatory philosophies, including rights-based, state-centric, and market-driven, offer lessons for refining Vietnam’s approach. Building on doctrinal, comparative, and normative analysis, the paper identifies persistent gaps in enforcement independence, lawful bases for processing, cross-border data governance, and sector-specific guidance for e-commerce. It proposes a sustainability-oriented, multi-dimensional reform framework emphasizing institutional independence, regulatory harmonization, risk-based governance, and sustainable data stewardship. The paper contributes to theoretical debates on consumer data governance in emerging economies, and provides policy guidance for Vietnam as it seeks to build a trustworthy, rights-respecting, and sustainable digital market.

Bibliografia

  1. Ayunda Rahmi “Personal Data Protection to E-Commerce Consumer: What Are the Legal Challenges and Certainties?” Law Reform, No. 2 (2022): 144-163. https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/3196813.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  2. Bolatbekkyzy Gulbakyt, “Comparative Insights from the EU’s GDPR and China’s PIPL for Advancing Personal Data Protection Legislation” Groningen Journal of International Law, 11 (2024): 129-146. https://doi.org/10.21827/GroJIL.11.1.129-146.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  3. Calzada Igor, “Citizens’ Data Privacy in China: The State of the Art of the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL)” Smart Cities, No. 3 (2022): 1129-1150. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5030057.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  4. Casalini, Francesca, Javier López González, “Trade and Cross-Border Data Flows” OECD Trade Policy Papers, No. 220 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1787/b2023a47-en.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  5. Cohen Julie E., Between Truth and Power: The Legal Constructions of Informational Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  6. European University Institute. Guide on Good Data Protection Practice in Research. Florence: European University Institute, 2022. https://www.eui.eu/documents/servicesadmin/deanofstudies/researchethics/guide-data-protection-research.pdf.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  7. Goel Archana, Utkal Khandelwal, Jayalakshmy Ramachandran, “Three Decades of Consumer Protection Literature: Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda” Journal of Creative Communications (2025), https://doi.org/10.1177/09732586251336493.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  8. Greenleaf Graham, “Vietnam’s 2024 Draft Data Privacy Law Is Ambitious and Ambiguous” Privacy Laws & Business International Report, 192 (2024): 22-25. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5124884.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  9. Kuner Christopher, Transborder Data Flows and Data Privacy Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  10. Lam Tố Trang, “Some Legal Aspects of Personal Data Protection in the World - Experience for Vietnam” Cogent Social Sciences, No. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2414872.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  11. Mayer-Schönberger Viktor, Kenneth Cukier, Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  12. Millard Christopher, W. Kuan Hon, “Defining ‘Personal Data’ in e-Social Science” Information, Communication & Society, 15 (2011). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1809182.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  13. Morozov Evgeny, To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism. New York: PublicAffairs, 2013.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  14. OECD, “Exploring the Economics of Personal Data: A Survey of Methodologies for Measuring Monetary Value” OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 220 (2013).
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  15. Phuong, Nguyen Duy. Nguyen Duy Thanh, “Law on Corporate Social Responsibility for Consumers in Vietnam” Prawo i Więź, No. 1 (2022): 297-312. https://doi.org/10.36128/priw.vi39.353.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  16. Solove Daniel J., Understanding Privacy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  17. Solove Daniel J., Woodrow Hartzog, “The Scope and Potential of FTC Data Protection” George Washington Law Review, 83 (2015): 2230-2273.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  18. Wagner Ben, Algorithmic Regulation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar
  19. Zuboff Shoshana, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. New York: PublicAffairs, 2019.
    Pokaż w Google Scholar

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.