Within the scope of the article, the author has presented and analyzed the peculiarities of the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards, as well as judicial assistance to arbitration, based on the principle of reciprocity. By comparing and contrasting the main features of arbitration legislation and legal practice in countries with different legal systems, the author has found that the application of the principle of reciprocity in the case of recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards is conditional. It is emphasized that reciprocity can be applied both when a ratified international agreement is absent between the two states, and for the purpose of ensuring more favorable conditions for allowing the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards than those provided by Convention regulations. On the basis of complete or partial reciprocity, courts should not only refrain from refusing the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards rendered outside the territory of the Republic of Armenia, but the presumption of reciprocity predetermines the recognition of all arbitral awards rendered outside the territory of the Republic of Armenia, unless there are instances of the courts of that state refusing to recognize and enforce arbitral awards conducted in the territory of the Republic of Armenia. Based on the principle of reciprocity, courts can provide judicial assistance to foreign arbitration, and this should be carried out by applying the presumption of reciprocity, which will ensure a more favorable environment for the protection of parties’ rights and interests through arbitration.Refusing the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards based on the principle of reciprocity in states participating in the New York Convention cannot be considered lawful. Consequently, under the current legal regulations, the refusal of recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards or the provision of judicial assistance on the basis of reciprocity is permissible in the Republic of Armenia if a claim for recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award or provision of judicial assistance is submitted in relation to an arbitration conducted in the territory of a state that is not a participant in the New York Convention or any framework agreement, and even then, only in identical or similar cases (partial reciprocity), which will minimize the risks of disregarding or violating the private interests of the claimant party in the arbitration.