PRAWO i WIĘŹ
type: channel
description: Prawo i Więź ukazuje się regularnie od 2012 roku, a od grudnia 2015 roku znajduje się na ministerialnej liście czasopism punktowanych. Od 2024 r. Prawo i Więź jest dwumiesięcznikiem publikowanym w cyklu wydawniczym: luty, kwiecień, czerwiec, sierpień, październik, grudzień. W Prawie i Więzi publikowane są teksty ze wszystkich dziedzin prawa prawa materialnego i procesowego oraz z teorii, filozofii i socjologii prawa. Czasopismo przyjmuje do publikacji teksty w języku polskim i angielskim, przygotowane w formule artykułów, glos lub recenzji monografii naukowych. Czasopismo dąży do rozszerzenia zakresu polskiej debaty prawniczej poprzez wprowadzenie do niej niedostatecznie zbadanych problemów, a także umieszczenie krajowych zagadnień w szerszym kontekście międzynarodowym. Redakcja preferuje artykuły, które przedstawiają szerszy kontekst międzynarodowy i perspektywę prawnoporównawczą, jak również wprowadzają idee, zagadnienia i problemy prawne, które nie były dotychczas szeroko omawiane w Polsce. Prawo i Więź jest indeksowane w SCOPUS, European Reference Index for the Humanities and Social Sciences (ERIH PLUS) i The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (CEJSH). Prawo i Więź jest adresowane przede wszystkim do przedstawicieli środowiska naukowego. Gorąco zachęcamy Czytelników do zapoznawania się kolejnymi numerami czasopisma, a Autorów do współpracy! Wersja pierwotna jest wersją elektroniczną. Opublikowane artykuły są dostępne w open access (OA). Wskaźniki oceny czasopisma: MNiSW: 100 pkt DOI: 10.36128 ISSN: 2299-405X online ISSN: 2719-3594 Wskaźnik odrzuceń: 34%
publisher: Wydawnictwo Spółdzielczego Instytutu Naukowego
language: pl
publication name: PRAWO i WIĘŹ
issn: 2299-405X
items: Prawo zamówień publicznych w warunkach stanów nadzwyczajnych
items: Aksjologia stanów nadzwyczajnych w Polsce
items: Echa doktryny political juriprudence w polskiej debacie o podstawach rządów prawa (2015-2025)
items: Stany nadzwyczajne z perspektywy prawa publicznego gospodarczego
items: Obowiązek ochrony życia dzieci i młodzieży jako konstytucyjny imperatyw państwa. Analiza problemu samobójstw nieletnich w świetle art. 38 Konstytucji RP
items: Protection of Family Members of the Deceased not Related by Blood or Mariage in the Law of European States
items: The Impact of Digital Transformation on Cybersecurity in Poland, Slovakia, and Ukraine
items: Wątpliwości dowodowe z podmiotowym kryterium oceny naruszenia prawa do oznaczenia geograficznego. Na przykładzie wyroku TSUE i następczych wyroków sądów niemieckich w sprawie Champagner Sorbet
items: Właściwość sądu w postępowaniu w sprawie o ustalenie czy orzeczenie sądu państwa obcego podlega albo nie podlega uznaniu według Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego
items: Inscenizacja przemocy w pornografii a zakres kryminalizacji art. 202 § 3 k.k.
items: Pełnomocnik Rządu do Spraw Pokojowego Wykorzystania Energii Jądrowej.Pozycja ustrojowa, zakres działania, kompetencje i zadania
items: Wymóg świeckiego uzasadnienia w dyskursie publicznym a wolność religijna
items: Czy historia się liczy? Wpływ zdarzeń z postępowania zgłoszeniowego na zakres ochrony patentowej
items: Pojęcie nadmiernego przekroczenia terminu na wniesienia odwołania od decyzji organu rentowego do sądu powszechnego
items: Między prawem a siłą. Stan wyjątkowy i inne przypadki zawieszenia reguł demokratycznego konstytucjonalizmu
items: Acquisition of the Rights to the Post-Liquidation Assets of the Cooperative
items: The Right to Truth in the Digital Age: Disinformation, Democracy, and the Limits of Legal Protection
items: The Horizons of Parental Co-Responsibility in Ibero-America
items: Historyczne i konstytucyjne korzenie niestabilności rządów we Włoszech
items: Ewolucja i aksjologiczne uzasadnienie dla wprowadzenia regulacji deweloperskich w polskim porządku prawnym
items: Nowe ujęcie neutralności światopoglądowej i prawa do wolności religii w orzecznictwie belgijskim ostatnich lat elementem przemian w relacjach państwo – Kościół w Królestwie Belgii
items: Władza rodzicielska jako przejaw relacji rodzicielstwa łączącej matkę i ojca
items: Definicja radykalizacji w ujęciu konstytucyjnym – uwagi na tle orzecznictwa polskiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego
items: Wybrane cechy modelu ochrony sygnalistów na przykładzie amerykańskiego rynku regulowanego
items: Model urzędu sędziego w myśli politycznej Leona Chajna
items: https://prawoiwiez.edu.pl/index.php/piw/article/view/1544
items: Wspólna Izba Sądów Najwyższych i Trybunałów UE jako rozwiązanie sporu o „ostatnie słowo” w porządku konstytucyjnym UE?
items: Koncepcje prawnej podmiotowości przyrody
items: Zasiedzenie a roszczenie o wynagrodzenie za korzystanie z rzeczy. Glosa do postanowienia Sądu Najwyższego (7) z dnia 3 kwietnia 2024 r., III CZP 103/22
items: The Campaign of British Trade Unions to Oppose the Polish Resettlement Act of 1947.

Prawo zamówień publicznych w warunkach stanów nadzwyczajnych
type: item
description: Efficient spending of public funds is a crucial task for the state, even in times of particular threat and following the introduction of a state of emergency, whether martial law, a state of emergency, or a natural disaster. In such situations, it is essential to restore the state's normal functioning in the face of exceptional threats. Legal instruments and mechanisms specified in public procurement law can and should serve this purpose. Therefore, the aim of this study will be to demonstrate the extent to which public procurement and its legal frameworks align with the normative solutions of states of emergency and how they can be useful and utilized in such situations.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: zamówienia publiczne
  topic: keywords
subject: stany nadzwyczajne
  topic: keywords
subject: zagrożenie
  topic: keywords
subject: środki publiczne
  topic: keywords
creator: Ewa Przeszło
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Ewa Przeszło https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/av11sm14

Aksjologia stanów nadzwyczajnych w Polsce
type: item
description: The issue of states of emergency should be viewed in the context of the goal of protecting the most valuable assets of the state and its citizens (such as security, public order, and the constitutional system) in the face of specific threats. By its very nature, it requires the restriction, and sometimes suspension, of human freedoms and rights, as well as those of economic operators. Therefore, this is an area of ​​inquiry fraught with intense conflicts of values ​​– on the one hand, the overarching common goods, and on the other, fundamental human rights and the freedom to pursue economic activity. A state of emergency is a legal regime that allows state bodies to exercise public authority in a specific manner. These bodies are responsible for assessing the justification for declaring a specific state of emergency, and the undeniable criteria that should guide them include sets of values ​​related to states of emergency, which have specific sources and are in various configurations.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: aksjologia
  topic: keywords
subject: wartości
  topic: keywords
subject: stany nadzwyczajne
  topic: keywords
subject: bezpieczeństwo
  topic: keywords
subject: zagrożenie
  topic: keywords
subject: prawa i wolności
  topic: keywords
creator: Andrzej Powałowski
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Andrzej Powałowski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/c39fax35

Echa doktryny political juriprudence w polskiej debacie o podstawach rządów prawa (2015-2025)
type: item
description: The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how the ongoing debate in Poland concerning the foundations of the rule of law within the context of the constitutional crisis reveals motifs that directly correspond to the doctrine known as Martin Shapiro’s political jurisprudence. The paper outlines the core tenets of this theoretical current, as well as its acknowledegment of the concept of the political as a defining characteristic of political lawyers. The disputes among Polish legal scholars, which took place between 2015 and 2025, pertained to issues such as the political engagement of judges and the dynamics of power within the structure of the judicial branch. Many of the arguments advanced and solutions put forward represent a departure from the premises of legal positivism, a rejection of the methodological thesis regarding the autonomous character of the legal system, and a confirmation of the inextricable link between law and politics.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: political jurisprudence
  topic: keywords
subject: Martin Shapiro
  topic: keywords
subject: rule of law
  topic: keywords
subject: polski kryzys konstytucyjny
  topic: keywords
creator: Karol Dobrzeniecki
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Karol Dobrzeniecki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/nw1tvr76

Stany nadzwyczajne z perspektywy prawa publicznego gospodarczego
type: item
description: This paper examines the issue of states of emergency from the perspective of public economic law, with particular emphasis on constitutional issues and public procurement law. Public economic law aims to protect the fundamental values of a market economy, such as freedom of economic activity and private property, which may only be restricted by law and only for reasons of important public interest. The introduction of states of emergency allows the state to temporarily interfere with these freedoms to a far-reaching extent, which may result in an increase in the powers of the state at the expense of entrepreneurs and the risk of perpetuating emergency regulations. At the same time, the Constitution imposes on the state an obligation to act proportionately, to limit the duration of such measures and to take into account the principles of compensation, although legislative practice shows that ‘special laws’ are often used to evade these restrictions. Public procurement law is intended to ensure transparency, competitiveness and efficiency in the spending of public funds, but in emergency situations, the lawmakers often introduce special laws that completely exclude the application of these procedures. Such solutions increase the discretion of the administration at the cost of contractors, limiting competition and preventing the achievement of both procurement and non-procurement objectives of public contracts. The lack of intermediate mechanisms (e.g. shortened procedures) and the abuse of total exemptions from the application of the Public Procurement Law may lead to a market imbalance and the risk of discretionary spending of public funds, which should be assessed in the light of the principle of proportionality.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
creator: Henryk Nowicki
creator: Mateusz Brzeziński
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Henryk Nowicki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/gkvh6f69

Obowiązek ochrony życia dzieci i młodzieży jako konstytucyjny imperatyw państwa. Analiza problemu samobójstw nieletnich w świetle art. 38 Konstytucji RP
type: item
description: This paper examines the constitutional obligation to protect life, arising from Article 38 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, in the context of the growing phenomenon of suicide among children and adolescents. The aim of the study is to define the scope of the state's constitutional responsibility, identify systemic barriers to preventing juvenile suicide, and present de lege ferenda and de lege lata recommendations. The paper incorporates a dogmatic, legal, and comparative analysis, thus highlighting the need for urgent legislative and institutional action to effectively protect the lives of our youngest citizens.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: art. 38 Konstytucji
  topic: keywords
subject: Konstytucja RP
  topic: keywords
subject: ochrona życia
  topic: keywords
subject: odpowiedzialność państwa
  topic: keywords
subject: samobójstwa nieletnich
  topic: keywords
creator: Przemysław Czarnek
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Przemysław Czarnek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/nq7gd519

Protection of Family Members of the Deceased not Related by Blood or Mariage in the Law of European States
type: item
description: This study aims to demonstrate, using examples from selected European jurisdictions, the extent to which persons not related by blood or marriage to the deceased are protected in the event of their death. In other words, it considers those outside the traditionally and narrowly defined family unit. This protection can be seen at several levels: they may be granted intestate succession status, a right to a fixed portion of the estate or a forced share, certain housing rights (such as the right to use the dwelling and furnishings or succeed to a tenancy upon the tenant’s death) and maintenance-type claims. It is these various forms of protection that provide the framework for the analysis.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: family protection
  topic: keywords
subject: de facto unions
  topic: keywords
subject: cohabitation
  topic: keywords
subject: succession law
  topic: keywords
subject: comparative law
  topic: keywords
creator: Ewa Kabza
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Ewa Kabza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/sawgsw93

The Impact of Digital Transformation on Cybersecurity in Poland, Slovakia, and Ukraine
type: item
description: Digital transformation is becoming increasingly widespread, and it can be said that it is an inevitable process. Digitization has enabled the streamlining of a wide range of tasks, from simple everyday activities to complex operations, enhancing efficiency, speed, and cost-effectiveness in their execution. The degree of digitization in a country is a key indicator of its level of development and the competitiveness of its economy. However, the phenomenon of digitization necessitates a heightened focus on cybersecurity measures. Investment in solutions that guarantee cybersecurity is essential for the success of digital transformation, as new technologies are integral to such transformations and will be effectively exploited by cybercriminals and cyberterrorists if not protected. IT systems used in strategic sectors responsible for national or international security must be adequately protected (cybersecurity). Such systems must be resistant to cyberthreats.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: cyberspace
  topic: keywords
subject: cybersecurity
  topic: keywords
subject: new technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
creator: Dominik Bierecki
creator: Mirosław Karpiuk
creator: Martin Kelemen
creator: Sergii Prylipko
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Dominik Bierecki, Mirosław Karpiuk, Martin Kelemen, Sergii Prylipko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/c2xvy848

Wątpliwości dowodowe z podmiotowym kryterium oceny naruszenia prawa do oznaczenia geograficznego. Na przykładzie wyroku TSUE i następczych wyroków sądów niemieckich w sprawie Champagner Sorbet
type: item
description: Designations of origin are also protected when their characteristic ingredient is used in products other than those to which they are directly related. The mere fact that the quantity of the ingredient in such a product complies with the specification of the designation is not sufficient to exclude infringement of the right, particularly in terms of exploiting the designation's reputation. This is determined by the taste of the product, in which the said ingredient must be clearly perceptible. However, the CJEU judgment in this case, concerning Champagne contained in an ice cream dessert, did not specify precisely whose taste should be used to determine the presence of the essential characteristic of a given designation of origin in the product. This ambiguity, coupled with the additional unavailability of the sorbet on the market, caused the German courts, as national courts implementing the assumptions and guidelines adopted in the aforementioned judgment (and also in the Advocate General’s opinion), to apply a methodology for determining taste that raises serious doubts, particularly in terms of evidence.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: oznaczenie pochodzenia
  topic: keywords
subject: reputacja
  topic: keywords
subject: środek spożywczy
  topic: keywords
subject: nazwa
  topic: keywords
subject: podstawowa cecha charakterystyczna
  topic: keywords
subject: dowód
  topic: keywords
creator: Marcin Trzebiatowski
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Marcin Trzebiatowski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/wppkhn68

Właściwość sądu w postępowaniu w sprawie o ustalenie czy orzeczenie sądu państwa obcego podlega albo nie podlega uznaniu według Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego
type: item
description: This paper addresses issues concerning court jurisdiction in proceedings to determine whether a foreign judgment is recognised. The need to discuss this topic stems from the fact that, as regards jurisdiction, the provisions in Title I of Book Three, Part Four of the Code of Civil Procedure, which govern the recognition of judgments of courts of foreign states or decisions of other foreign authorities, are limited to the succinct rule set out in Article 1148^1 § 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CCP). Under that provision, an application for a determination that a judgment of a court of a foreign state is, or is not, subject to recognition is examined by the regional court that would have local jurisdiction to hear the case decided by the foreign court, or in whose circuit the locally competent district court is situated; failing such a basis, jurisdiction lies with the Regional Court in Warsaw. The doubts relate primarily to the method of determining the local jurisdiction of the court in this category of cases, in particular how to interpret the wording used in Article 1148^1 § 1 CCP: „the court locally competent to hear the case decided by the court of a foreign state or in whose circuit the locally competent district court is situated”. Given the topic of the article as framed above, it is also relevant to consider the court’s examination of jurisdiction in proceedings to determine whether a ruling of a foreign judgment is or is not recognised.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: międzynarodowe postepowanie cywilne
  topic: keywords
subject: właściwość sądu
  topic: keywords
subject: uznawanie orzeczeń zagranicznych
  topic: keywords
creator: Mateusz Derdak
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Mateusz Derdak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/eecbb844

Inscenizacja przemocy w pornografii a zakres kryminalizacji art. 202 § 3 k.k.
type: item
description: The paper addresses the issue of criminalizing the distribution of pornography containing violent motifs in light of Article 202 § 3 of the Criminal Code. The discussion covers staged content in which participants voluntarily take part in its creation. It discusses the definitional and cultural difficulties in determining the boundaries of pornography. At the same time, it presents arguments to justify the differentiation, for the purposes of criminal law, between real violence and its controlled expression through artistic or sexual means. An interpretative narrowing of the scope of criminalization under Article 202 § 3 of the Criminal Code was also proposed. According to this interpretation, in order to leave the dissemination of staged content outside this scope, it is necessary that: (1) the violence is simulated or controlled by the participants, (2) the participants give their conscious, voluntary consent to participate, and (3) the content is directed at a closed and informed audience. This distinction between criminalised and permissible pornography aims to protect dignity and respect individuals' right to self-determination in the sexual sphere.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: pornografia
  topic: keywords
subject: treści pornograficzne
  topic: keywords
subject: prawo karne
  topic: keywords
subject: przemoc
  topic: keywords
subject: wolność seksualna
  topic: keywords
creator: Bartłomiej Nałęcz
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Bartłomiej Nałęcz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/m4fk6115

Pełnomocnik Rządu do Spraw Pokojowego Wykorzystania Energii Jądrowej.Pozycja ustrojowa, zakres działania, kompetencje i zadania
type: item
description: The aim of this paper is an analysis of the evolution of the statutory position, competences, and organizational structure of the Government Plenipotentiary for the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy in the years 1956–1973. Based on an analysis of archival legal acts – resolutions of the Council of Ministers, statutes, and internal organizational regulations – the genesis of the office is traced, which was established by Resolution No. 444/56 to solve the problem of coordinating activities undertaken by the Polish Academy of Sciences and the economic ministries. The paper demonstrates two fundamental phases of the office's transformation.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: Pełnomocnik Rządu do Spraw Wykorzystania Energii Jądrowej
  topic: keywords
subject: polski program atomowy
  topic: keywords
subject: historia administracji
  topic: keywords
subject: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa (PRL)
  topic: keywords
subject: statut
  topic: keywords
subject: regulamin organizacyjny
  topic: keywords
subject: pozycja ustrojowa
  topic: keywords
subject: Wilhelm Billig
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamil Młynarkiewicz
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Kamil Młynarkiewicz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/ppb63623

Wymóg świeckiego uzasadnienia w dyskursie publicznym a wolność religijna
type: item
description: The paper addresses the issue of the compatibility of the requirement to use secular justifications in public discourse with the principle of religious freedom. The first part of the paper outlines the basic assumptions of exclusivism – the position that advocates abandoning religious argumentation in the public sphere. It presents the philosophical justifications for this requirement, the forms it takes, and the objections raised against the doctrine of exclusivism. The second part of the paper discusses the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights regarding religious freedom and freedom of expression. The next part analyses the problem referred to in the title. The paper notes the risk of the instrumentalisation of religious argumentation and the related inability to recognise that this type of rationalisation is protected by religious freedom. It also emphasises that the scope of protection may depend on the content of religious argumentation and other factors.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: liberalizm polityczny
  topic: keywords
subject: argument religijny
  topic: keywords
subject: ekskluzywizm
  topic: keywords
subject: świeckie uzasadnienie
  topic: keywords
subject: wolność religijna
  topic: keywords
creator: Łukasz Mirocha
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Łukasz Mirocha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/f0dm2g29

Czy historia się liczy? Wpływ zdarzeń z postępowania zgłoszeniowego na zakres ochrony patentowej
type: item
description: In the context of contemporary patent law, the role and significance of patent claims are indisputable. In the course of the application process, it is incumbent upon the applicant to define the solution for which they are seeking protection. Following the granting of a patent, the claims delineate the subject matter of the patent, a crucial element in determining the scope of the exclusivity enjoyed by the right holder. Doubts and controversies arise in both doctrine and case law. Of particular concern is the admissibility of the interpretation of claims. The rules, basis and method of the latter are the source of patent law for the purposes of determining the scope of protection resulting from the granted patent, events and circumstances occurring in the proceedings in which the patentability of the subject matter of the application was examined
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: patent
  topic: keywords
subject: ochrona patentu
  topic: keywords
subject: zgłoszenie wynalazku
  topic: keywords
subject: ujawnienie wynalazku
  topic: keywords
subject: postępowanie patentowe
  topic: keywords
subject: zdolność patentowa
  topic: keywords
creator: Helena Żakowska-Henzler
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Helena Żakowska-Henzler https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/yxvhnb97

Pojęcie nadmiernego przekroczenia terminu na wniesienia odwołania od decyzji organu rentowego do sądu powszechnego
type: item
description: The paper is devoted to an examination of the notion of excessive delay in the lodging of an appeal against an administrative decision within the framework of social security proceedings. The author undertakes a critical analysis of the interpretative approaches adopted by the courts in construing this concept and seeks to formulate operational criteria for assessing the extent of delay that may be deemed acceptable on the part of an appellant contesting the impugned decision.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: odrzucenie odwołania
  topic: keywords
subject: postępowanie cywilne
  topic: keywords
subject: przywrócenie terminu
  topic: keywords
subject: ubezpieczenia społeczne
  topic: keywords
creator: Maciej Helmin
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Maciej Helmin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/9ps7jq18

Między prawem a siłą. Stan wyjątkowy i inne przypadki zawieszenia reguł demokratycznego konstytucjonalizmu
type: item
description: The paper presents the institution of a state of emergency from the perspective of fundamental concepts: power, democracy and constitutionalism. A state of emergency, understood as the suspension of the rules of constitutional separation and checks on power and the mandatory rule of law, is usually subject to serious subjective, procedural and temporal restrictions. The paper puts forward the thesis that the assumptions about the normative potential of regulations aimed at subjecting states of emergency to legal restrictions are illusory. An analysis of the conditions of a state of emergency: the circumstances of its introduction, its duration, and the negligible influence of democratic or judicial control over actions aimed at its introduction, as well as examples of practice despite the absence of a proclaimed state of emergency, points to the truth of the thesis about the decision-making nature of such actions.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: stan wyjątkowy
  topic: keywords
subject: stan nadzwyczajny
  topic: keywords
subject: porządek konstytucyjny
  topic: keywords
creator: Anna Młynarska-Sobaczewska
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Anna Młynarska-Sobaczewska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/rt4dw628

Acquisition of the Rights to the Post-Liquidation Assets of the Cooperative
type: item
description: In cooperative law, a crucial issue is the admissibility or inadmissibility of distributing the cooperative's assets among its members at the liquidation stage. Any assets remaining after liquidation are allocated for the purposes specified in the resolution of the last general meeting. This meeting may decide that the remaining assets are to be distributed, either wholly or in part, amongst the cooperative's members, or possibly amongst former members or heirs. It is important to determine both the timing of the distribution and those entitled to the liquidation surplus.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: liquidation assets
  topic: keywords
subject: cooperative member
  topic: keywords
subject: heir
  topic: keywords
subject: general meeting
  topic: keywords
subject: liquidation
  topic: keywords
creator: Marta Stepnowska
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 dr Marta Stepnowska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/zsdjgc25

The Right to Truth in the Digital Age: Disinformation, Democracy, and the Limits of Legal Protection
type: item
description: In an era marked by rapid technological advancement and the proliferation of digital platforms, the boundaries between truth, opinion, and disinformation have become increasingly blurred. This paper critically examines the misuse of modern communication technologies and their implications for privacy, knowledge acquisition, and democratic governance. It explores how filter bubbles, data profiling, and algorithmic manipulation empower corporations, political actors, and governments to shape public opinion and suppress dissent. Against this backdrop, the paper questions whether a universal “right to truth” can serve as a viable legal principle or whether such a construct risks legitimizing censorship and authoritarian control. Drawing from philosophical critiques – particularly those of Michel Foucault and J.S. Mill – the paper argues that truth is best approached not as a static right, but as a continuous process supported by freedom of speech, access to education, and institutional safeguards. Ultimately, it calls for the development of dynamic legal, educational, and technological strategies that enable societies to resist disinformation, protect privacy, and foster an informed public capable of engaging in truth-seeking dialogue.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
creator: Marcin Kilanowski
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Marcin Kilanowski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/eqq8ah61

The Horizons of Parental Co-Responsibility in Ibero-America
type: item
description: This study examines the implementation of paternity and parental leave policies across Ibero-America, drawing attention to the similarities and differences between countries in the region. An exploratory review was conducted in Scopus. The results were filtered by time. Matches were then found based on abstracts and keywords. Official repositories were subsequently consulted to validate the results. Finally, the search was expanded to Google Scholar, which provided additional information and enabled the selection of three relevant cases (Chile, Colombia and Spain). This limited the analysis to the Ibero-American sphere. The results revealed significant variations in leave duration and usage, suggesting which countries are more likely to foster greater paternal involvement and reduce gender inequality in the workplace. The study discusses how differences in legislation and policies impact fathers’ involvement in childcare and its relation to workplace gender equality. The study highlights the need to strengthen family protection frameworks and parental co-responsibility models in Ibero-America, in order to support a more equitable distribution of childcare responsibilities within families, and to promote gender equality in the workplace and in wider society. In short, the study provides a critical analysis of parental models across Ibero-America, with the aim of informing changes in family dynamics and labour practices throughout the region.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: childcare
  topic: keywords
subject: gender equality
  topic: keywords
subject: Ibero-America
  topic: keywords
subject: leave
  topic: keywords
subject: parental co-responsibility
  topic: keywords
creator: Carlos Jesús Molina-Ricaurte
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Carlos Jesús Molina-Ricaurte https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/w0tm0e37

Historyczne i konstytucyjne korzenie niestabilności rządów we Włoszech
type: item
description: This paper analyses the historical and constitutional origins of Italian government instability, demonstrating the relationship between the “pure” parliamentary model adopted in the 1948 Constitution and its systemic and political ramifications. The author outlines the evolution of the Italian state system and the relationship between parliament and the government, as well as the role of the president of the republic, in the context of the absence of mechanisms for parliamentary rationalisation. The paper also draws comparisons between Italy and other European systems, particularly Poland and Germany, to identify sources of greater institutional stability. Finally, the paper reflects on contemporary proposals for constitutional reform, considering the balance between the rule of law and democratic representation.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: niestabilność rządów
  topic: keywords
subject: forma rządów
  topic: keywords
subject: konstytucja włoska
  topic: keywords
subject: parlamentaryzm
  topic: keywords
subject: reformy instytucjonalne
  topic: keywords
subject: wotum zaufania
  topic: keywords
subject: prawo porównawcze
  topic: keywords
creator: Luigi Lai
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Luigi Lai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/3f96hg08

Ewolucja i aksjologiczne uzasadnienie dla wprowadzenia regulacji deweloperskich w polskim porządku prawnym
type: item
description: Contrary to common belief, the origins of development activity in Poland are not directly linked to the enactment of the first normative act regulating the relationship between the developer and the purchaser, namely the Developer Act of 2011. Nevertheless, it is indisputable that the emergence of professional entities currently referred to as developers dates back to the 1980s. Given the close interconnection between developer-specific regulations and other branches of law – particularly construction law, which to a significant extent delineates the direction of the sector’s development – this study undertakes an historical analysis of the evolution of legal norms impacting the real estate development sector. Taking into account that the Polish legal system is grounded in unilateral conventional acts established by duly authorized public authorities, it also proves essential to examine the process through which such entities came to recognize the necessity of adopting specific legal provisions governing the developer market. Accordingly, this article seeks to identify the axiological foundations underlying legislative changes and the implementation of new regulatory frameworks in the field of law pertaining to real estate development activity. The principal objective of this article is to demonstrate that the introduction of the first developer-specific regulations in Poland constituted a legislative response to practical issues arising in the performance of developer agreements (including the abuse of dominant positions by developers), rather than a catalyst for the sector’s growth.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: prawo deweloperskie
  topic: keywords
subject: analiza historyczno-prawna
  topic: keywords
subject: prawo budowlane
  topic: keywords
subject: odrębna własność lokali
  topic: keywords
subject: rozwój rynku deweloperskiego
  topic: keywords
subject: ochrona nabywcy
  topic: keywords
subject: aksjologia prawa
  topic: keywords
creator: Natalia Pliszka
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Natalia Pliszka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
doi: 10.36128/amt3pz63

Nowe ujęcie neutralności światopoglądowej i prawa do wolności religii w orzecznictwie belgijskim ostatnich lat elementem przemian w relacjach państwo – Kościół w Królestwie Belgii
type: item
description: This paper focuses on the changes currently taking place in Belgium regarding the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion (freedom of religion). This is an important issue, as Belgian courts have recently issued several interesting judgements in this area that clarify the relevant constitutional regulations. A key issue in this context is the complex nature of the concept of neutrality as it is applied in Belgium. The author seeks to outline and explain it to the reader.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: prawo do wolności religii
  topic: keywords
subject: stosunki państwo – Kościół w Królestwie Belgii
  topic: keywords
subject: zasada neutralności
  topic: keywords
subject: Sąd konstytucyjny Belgii
  topic: keywords
subject: belgijskie orzecznictwo
  topic: keywords
creator: Jacek Falski
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Jacek Falski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/7rkpja68

Władza rodzicielska jako przejaw relacji rodzicielstwa łączącej matkę i ojca
type: item
description: This paper addresses a specific type of legal relationship: parenthood, understood as a set of mutual rights and obligations between the mother and the father arising from the fact of having a child together. The scope of the analysis is limited to the rights and duties stemming from parental authority vested in both parents. Within the relationship between the mother and the father, the following are distinguished: the duty of mutual respect, the duty to cooperate in the best interests of the child, informational rights and obligations, and each parent’s right and duty to participate in, and to accept, the actions of the other. The study highlights that the appropriate attitude between parents arises both from the interdependent nature of their parenthood and from respect for the dignity and rights of the child.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: macierzyństwo
  topic: keywords
subject: ojcostwo
  topic: keywords
subject: rodzicielstwo
  topic: keywords
subject: władza rodzicielska
  topic: keywords
creator: Małgorzata Łączkowska-Porawska
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Małgorzata Łączkowska-Porawska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/8rj0wf87

Definicja radykalizacji w ujęciu konstytucyjnym – uwagi na tle orzecznictwa polskiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego
type: item
description: Artykuł analizuje pojęcie radykalizacji w kontekście Konstytucji i orzecznictwa Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. Autorzy rozważają, czy art. 13 Konstytucji jest wystarczającą granicą dla ochrony przed radykalizacją. Stwierdzają, że radykalizacja obejmuje implementację skrajnych poglądów. W przeciwdziałaniu radykalizacji ważną rolę pełni TK. Jego kompetencje wymagają poszerzenia. Zasadne jest wprowadzenie gradacji sankcji za naruszenia celów lub działalności partii politycznych, aby skutecznie chronić wartości demokratyczne i praworządność.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: radykalizacja
  topic: keywords
subject: Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
  topic: keywords
subject: Trybunał Konstytucyjny
  topic: keywords
creator: Maria Moulin-Stożek
creator: Bogusław Przywora
creator: Aleksandra Syryt
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Maria Moulin-Stożek, Bogusław Przywora, Aleksandra Syryt https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/zc7fqp10

Wybrane cechy modelu ochrony sygnalistów na przykładzie amerykańskiego rynku regulowanego
type: item
description: This article discusses selected issues related to American whistleblower regulation in the financial market, presented against the backdrop of historical considerations regarding whistleblower status. The choice to analyze the mechanism of reporting irregularities through practices specific to the banking and financial sectors is an important issue of law enforcement and financial market security, and also determines the reasons for the development of the whistleblower institution in the financial market. The article presents the whistleblower as an element of the market protection system, investor protection, and broader civil liberties in the USA. American law had a significant impact on the development of European solutions for whistleblower protection and status. To better understand European law, it is necessary to refer to the prototype, which in this case consists of several American legal acts, case law, and the extensive financial market regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The heterogeneity of whistleblower status in the US is a significant problem and should be approached with caution, considering the purpose of these differences. The article is a synthetic study, therefore, it proposes selected, in the author's opinion, elements characteristic of the whistleblower protection system in the financial market. The genesis of the whistleblower institution in the USA required a retrospective and selective approach, paying attention to the interdisciplinary nature of the concept.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: prawo amerykańskie
  topic: keywords
subject: sygnalista
  topic: keywords
subject: rynek finansowy
  topic: keywords
creator: Mariola Lemonnier
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Mariola Lemonnier https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
doi: 10.36128/fm7xjj31

Model urzędu sędziego w myśli politycznej Leona Chajna
type: item
description: Leon Chajn was one of the key figures in the post-war justice system. A lawyer and politician who first served as deputy head of the Ministry of Justice and then as undersecretary of state in that ministry, he was one of the main architects of the Stalinist transformations in the Polish justice system. In this paper, the author presents Chajn as a prominent post-war figure, above all as a politician. He initially served as deputy head of the Ministry of Justice, and then as undersecretary of state in that ministry. He was one of the main architects of the Stalinist reforms in the Polish justice system. In the justice system. As a lawyer, the author presents Chajn's views on the ideal judge in the post-war context. These views are reconstructed based on statements published in monographs and magazines, as well as those given during radio broadcasts and at Democratic Party congresses.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: Leon Chajn
  topic: keywords
subject: sądy
  topic: keywords
subject: wymiar sprawiedliwości
  topic: keywords
creator: Anna Korzeniewska-Lasota
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Anna Korzeniewska-Lasota https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/ja0rmm75

https://prawoiwiez.edu.pl/index.php/piw/article/view/1544
type: item
title: Wspólny system powrotów Unii Europejskiej – ku zwiększeniu skuteczności powrotów obywateli państw trzecich. Analiza porównawcza postępowania w zakresie powrotów na podstawie dyrektywy 2008/115 i projektu rozporządzenia ustanawiającego wspólny system powrotów (COM (2025) 101)
description: The article provides a comparative analysis of the return procedure under Directive 2008/115 and under recently tabled regulation establishing a common European return system The aim of the proposed reform is to make EU return policy more effective, still based on the 2008 Directive, and to adapt it to the challenges arising from the development of migration and asylum law within the European Union. The conclusion is that the Commission’s proposal will, at least in theory, have a positive impact on the effectiveness of returns of third-country nationals staying illegally in the territory of Member States. This will be due to the appropriate choice of legal instrument, namely an EU regulation, which provides for uniform application of its provisions in all Member States, but also due to the fact that it leaves Member States a certain degree of flexibility.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: wspólny europejski system powrotów
  topic: keywords
subject: dyrektywa 2008/115
  topic: keywords
subject: postępowanie w zakresie powrotów
  topic: keywords
subject: europejski nakaz powrotów
  topic: keywords
subject: skuteczność
  topic: keywords
subject: rozporządzenie unijne
  topic: keywords
creator: Katarzyna Strąk
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Katarzyna Strąk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
doi: 10.36128/fe4c6v73

Wspólna Izba Sądów Najwyższych i Trybunałów UE jako rozwiązanie sporu o „ostatnie słowo” w porządku konstytucyjnym UE?
type: item
description: One of the key issues in the relationship between EU law and national law is the question of which body – the Court of Justice of the European Union or the constitutional courts of the Member States – acts as the ultimate arbiter of the scope of EU competences. This issue has been reflected in two divergent answers: on the one hand, that of the CJEU, and on the other, that of certain constitutional courts of the Member States. In this context, particular attention should be given to the proposal to establish a Joint Chamber of Highest Courts and Tribunals of the EU, designed to resolve competence disputes of significant constitutional importance arising between the EU and a Member State. The purpose of this paper is to analyse this proposal, and in particular to assess whether it could provide a solution to the dispute over the “final say” in the EU constitutional order.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: konstytucjonalizacja prawa UE
  topic: keywords
subject: pierwszeństwo prawa UE
  topic: keywords
subject: konstytucjonalizm UE
  topic: keywords
creator: Agnieszka Sołtys
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Dr Agnieszka Sołtys https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
doi: 10.36128/s4cqrc93

Koncepcje prawnej podmiotowości przyrody
type: item
description: The purpose of the study is to present methods of introducing subjective rights of nature into the legal system, taking into account the legal solutions in force in selected countries. They consist of both statutory provisions (Ecuador) and case law (Colombia, India, Bangladesh, New Zealand). The discussion on the subjective rights of nature is not limited to their instrumental treatment, because in order to realize them it assumes the need for a profound transformation of the law through a change in the philosophical and legal paradigm. The initial premise of this process is the departure from the canon of anthropocentrically understood ethics. The legislative solutions adopted today, including constitutional ones, refer to human spirituality, animistic understanding of nature and religious beliefs. This confirms the fundamental importance of the cultural environment for legal debate. It can be concluded that in the Polish cultural and legal and political realities there is no justification for implementing the ideas of normative personification of nature understood in this way.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: prawa podmiotowe
  topic: keywords
subject: personifikacja przyrody
  topic: keywords
subject: prawa zwierząt
  topic: keywords
subject: prawo ochrony przyrody
  topic: keywords
subject: zasada zrównoważonego rozwoju
  topic: keywords
creator: Jerzy Rotko
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Jerzy Rotko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
doi: 10.36128/bqac2c58

Zasiedzenie a roszczenie o wynagrodzenie za korzystanie z rzeczy. Glosa do postanowienia Sądu Najwyższego (7) z dnia 3 kwietnia 2024 r., III CZP 103/22
type: item
description: The Supreme Court ruled that acquisitive prescription does not deprive the owner of the right to claim remuneration for the use of real estate in the period preceding acquisitive prescription. The ruling represents a fundamental change in the current understanding of acquisitive prescription and its relationship to so-called claims supplementing a claim for recovery. Author disagrees with the position taken by the Supreme Court. First of all, he argues that it blurs the boundaries between the original and derivative methods of acquiring ownership and makes them similar. He also points out that the ‘new understanding’ of the nature of acquisitive prescription (its ratio legis) proposed by the Supreme Court also calls into question the principle of ‘gratuitousness’ of this primary method of acquiring ownership. The commentator formulates numerous further arguments and calls for the intervention of the legislator to make changes in the area of acquisitive prescription, which are certainly already necessary.
subject: Glosy
  topic: section
subject: nabycie własności
  topic: keywords
subject: zasiedzenie
  topic: keywords
subject: roszczenia uzupełniające
  topic: keywords
subject: wynagrodzenie za korzystanie z rzeczy
  topic: keywords
creator: Tomasz Justyński
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Tomasz Justyński https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
doi: 10.36128/8jqdyh04

The Campaign of British Trade Unions to Oppose the Polish Resettlement Act of 1947.
type: item
description: This article examines how British trade unions organised a coordinated, albeit unsuccessful campaign to oppose both the establishment of the Polish Resettlement Corps in March 1946 and the passing of its accompanying piece of legislation, the Polish Resettlement Act, the following year. Perturbed at the influx to Britain of well over 100,000 Polish soldiers who had fought for Allied forces during the Second World War, many organised labour movements viewed these Poles as foreign competition for British homes, jobs and resources, especially during a period of post-war rationing. The fact that the vast majority of these trade unions were strongly left-wing and led by admirers of the Soviet Union made them not only highly sceptical of Polish soldiers’ claims of being unable to return to Poland fearing communist persecution but also led them to promote communist propaganda by labelling the Polish 2nd Corps, led by Gen. Władysław Anders, as a quasi-fascist pro-German army and a fifth column of Polish reactionaries posing a great danger to Britain. By focusing on a selection of archival documents from 1945-1946, the article demonstrates not only how these trade unions engaged in intense lobbying of the British government to prevent Poles from settling in post-war Britain, but also how they attempted to appeal to the broader population through rhetoric based on xenophobia, Soviet propaganda and even anti-Catholicism.
subject: Artykuły
  topic: section
subject: Polish Resettlement Act of 1947
  topic: keywords
subject: post-war Britain
  topic: keywords
subject: trade unions
  topic: keywords
subject: post-war Polish migration
  topic: keywords
subject: communist propaganda
  topic: keywords
creator: Paul McNamara
rights: Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Dr Paul McNamara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
doi: 10.36128/dsgwh145