Treść głównego artykułu

Abstrakt

Code is the human-made architecture of cyberspace, and thus technology can be used to control individual behavior. It imposes systematic limits on the individual's behavior in an artificial environment, thus we can apostrophize the code designer as the rule maker of the technological environment – such as the Internet or digital platforms. The nature of blockchain technology makes regulation through code extremely powerful and decisive: the tamper-proof nature of the distributed ledger and the possibility to automate transactions make the so-called lex cryptographia an effective regulatory code. At the same time, a significant circumstance from the point of view of our topic is that the lex cryptographia is also subject to external regulation – consisting of real legislation – which it must fully comply with during its operation. The relationship between the two regulatory levels can be determined not by substitution, but by supplementing each other. In this study, based on the international literature and various case studies, I examine the conditions under which blockchain technology can be used in the health care provider system and the legal implications of this in everyday life.

Słowa kluczowe

blockchain, data protection, GDPR, healthcare, lex cryptography blockchain, data protection, GDPR, healthcare, lex cryptography

Szczegóły artykułu

Referencje

  1. Agnikhotram Sai, Antonios Kouroutakis, „Doctrinal Challenges for the Legality of Smart Contracts: Lex Cryptographia or a New, Smart Way to Contract” Journal of High Technology Law, No. 2 (2019): 300-328.
  2. Árpási Zoltán, „A blokklánc alkalmazásának lehetőségei az egészségügyben” Cryptofalka, 29 December 2019.
  3. https://cryptofalka.hu/blokklanc-egeszsegugyi-alkalmazasa/.
  4. Becker Katrin, „Blockchain Matters – Lex Cryptographia and the Displacement of Legal Symbolics and Imaginaries” Law and Critique, 33 (2022): 113-130. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10978-021-09317-8.
  5. Bennett Kathryn M., „HealthTech: How Blockchain Can Simplify Healthcare Compliance” Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice, No. 1 (2018): 287-314.
  6. Berson Dave, Susan Berson, „Blockchain Law 101: Understanding Blockchain Technology and the Applicable Law” Journal of the Kansas Bar Association, No. 2. (2019): 40-43.
  7. Brewer Clay, „Help Us, Help You: Big Tech and the Future of Personal Health Records” Belmont Health Law Journal, 3 (2019): 74-116.
  8. Chang Josephine, Alek Emery, „Blockchain Patentability 101” Los Angeles Lawyer, No. 6 (2019): 20-25.
  9. CNIL, Solutions for a Responsible use of the Blockchain in the Context of Personal Data. September 2018; https://www.cnil.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/blockchain_en.pdf.
  10. Connor-Green Devon S., „Blockchain in Healthcare Data” Intellectual Property and Technology Law Journal, No. 2 (2017): 93-108.
  11. De Caria Riccardo, „Blockchain and Smart Contracts: Legal Issues and Regulatory Responses between Public and Private Economic Law” Italian Law Journal, No. 1 (2020): 363-379.
  12. De Filippi Primavera, Aaron Wright. Blockchain and the Law – The Rule of Code. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2019.
  13. DHL: DHL and Accenture Unlock the Power of Blockchain in Logistics. Bonn, Germany, 03/12/2018; https://www.dhl.com/global-en/home/press/press-archive/2018/dhl-and-accenture-unlock-the-power-of-blockchain-in-logistics.html.
  14. Dimitropoulos Georgios, „The Law of Blockchain” Washington Law Review, No. 3 (2020): 1117-1192.
  15. Duisberg Alexander, Smart Contracts and the Law. Presentation. Münchner Kreis – Blockchain Conference, 23 November 2017. https://www.muenchner-kreis.de/wp-content/uploads/fileadmin/dokumente/_pdf/20171123/Duisberg_20171123_MKreis_Blockchain_Dr._Alexander_Duisberg_final.PDF.
  16. Ethereum, Oracles, 6 May 2022. https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/oracles/.
  17. Exyte, How Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Benefits From Smart Contracts in 2020. https://exyte.com/blog/how-pharmaceutical-supply-chain-benefits-from-smart-contracts.
  18. Finck Michèle, „Blockchains and Data Protection in the European Union” European Data Protection Law Review, No. 1 (2018): 17-35. https://edpl.lexxion.eu/article/edpl/2018/1/6/display/html.
  19. Gillis Alexander S., „What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?” Techtarget, March 2022.
  20. https://www.techtarget.com/iotagenda/definition/Internet-of-Things-IoT.
  21. Interpol, Fake Medicines. https://www.interpol.int/Crimes/Illicit-goods/Shop-safely/Fake-medicines.
  22. Johnson Walter G., „Blockchain Meets Genomics: Governance Considerations for Promoting Food Safety and Public Health” Journal of Food Law and Policy, No. 1 (2019): 74-97.
  23. Krawiec R.J., Dan Housman, Mark White, Mariya Filipova, Florian Quarre, Dan Barr, Allen Nesbitt, Kate Fedosova, Jason Killmeyer, Adam Israel, Lindsay Tsai. Blockchain: Opportunities for Health Care. Deloitte, August 2016.
  24. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/public-sector/us-blockchain-opportunities-for-health-care.pdf.
  25. Leck Andy, Ren Jun Lim, „A Peek into the Health Tech Boom” Managing Intellectual Property, 251 (2015): 33-35.
  26. Lingwall Jeff, Ramya Mogallapu, „Should Code Be Law? Smart Contracts, Blockchain, and Boilerplate” UMKC Law Review, No. 2 (2019): 285-322.
  27. Mi az a blokklánc? Átfogó útmutató és jövőbeli alkalmazási területei. https://www.bitcoinbazis.hu/utmutato/blokklanc-utmutato/.
  28. Móray Gábor, „Mi az a blokklánc technológia és milyen lehetőségeket kínál?” Computerworld, 28 Octtober 2020.
  29. https://computerworld.hu/tech/mi-az-a-blokklanc-technologia-es-milyen-lehetosegeket-kinal-285890.html.
  30. Nadimi Peter, Samuel G. Korver, Zach Smolinski, Lauren M. W. Steinhaeuser, Corey Bieber, „Practicing Blockchain Law [comments] Panel III” John Marshall Journal of Information Technology and Privacy Law, No. 1 (2019): 52-73.
  31. OECD, „Opportunities and Challenges of Blockchain Technologies in Health Care” Blockchain Policy Series (December 2020).
  32. Quintais Joao Pedro, Balazs Bodo, Alexandra Giannopoulou, Valeria Ferrari, „Blockchain and the Law: A Critical Evaluation” Stanford Journal of Blockchain Law & Policy, No. 1 (2019): 86-112.
  33. Pena Daniel, „Blockchain and Data Protection: Health Patients Records in Colombia” International Journal for the Data Protection Officer, Privacy Officer and Privacy Counsel, No. 6 (2019): 29-31.
  34. Rauland Marco, Are You Smart Enough? Blockchain & Smart Contract Applications in Pharma. 10.02.2022; https://pharmaboardroom.com/articles/are-you-smart-enough-blockchain-smart-contract-applications-in-pharma/.
  35. Rejeb Abderahman, Horst Treiblmaie, Karim Rejeb, Suhaiza Zailani, „Blockchain Research in Healthcare: A Bibliometric Review and Current Research Trends” Journal of Data, Information, and Management, 3 (2021): 109-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42488-021-00046-2.
  36. Saunderson Doreen, Margaret Mrazek, „High Tech Medical Advances and the Health Law Labyrinth” Law Now, No. 6 (1990): 8-11.
  37. Scheuer Eberhard, „Blockchain Solves Healthcare Data Obstacles” Health Management, No. 1 (2019).
  38. https://healthmanagement.org/c/hospital/issuearticle/blockchain-solves-healthcare-data-obstacles.
  39. Schrepel Thibault, Anarchy, „State, and Blockchain Utopia: Rule of Law versus Lex Cryptographia” Social Science Research Network, 12 November 2019. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3485436.
  40. Stines Robert A., „Blockchain 101: A Lawyer’s (Brief) Guide” Tort Source (2019): 14-15.
  41. Tarcsi Ádám, László Sas, Bálint Molnár, Zénó Szabó, SAP NetWeaver alkalmazásfejlesztés. Budapest: ELTE Társadalomtudományi Kar, 2012.
  42. Van Eecke Patrick, Anne-Gabrielle Haie, „Blockchain and the GDPR: The EU Blockchain Observatory Report” European Data Protection Law Review (EDPL), No. 4 (2018): 531-534.
  43. Werbach Kevin, „Trust, but Verify: Why the Blockchain Needs the Law” Berkeley Technology Law Journal, No. 2 (2018): 487-550.
  44. Wright Aaron, Primavera De Filippi. Decentralized Blockchain Technology and the Rise of Lex Cryptographia Social Science Research Network, 10 March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2580664.
  45. Wright Steven, Technical and Legal Challenges for Healthcare Blockchains and Smart Contracts. Atlanta: Presentation. ITU Kaleidoscope, 2019.
  46. Yeung Karen, „Regulation by Blockchain: The Emerging Battle for Supremacy Between the Code of Law and Code as Law” Modern Law Review, No. 2 (2019): 207-239.