This paper aims to provide a synthetic analysis of the impact of the epidemiological crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the transformation of the EU system for managing cross-border health threats. It discusses the role of the European Union in coordinating Member States’ actions in response to the pandemic and the changes in health policy in the context of this crisis. The paper provides an overview of the actions taken by the European Union to protect public health, including initiatives related to the introduction of vaccines, crisis management and international cooperation. It examines the actions taken by the European Union in the light of its limited powers in the field of public health, while highlighting the importance of EU coordination efforts in crisis situations, particularly with regard to the prevention of epidemic threats. It also puts forward proposals to strengthen the EU's role in public health through institutional reform and closer cooperation between Member States.