Przejdź do głównego menu Przejdź do sekcji głównej Przejdź do stopki
Prawo i Więź

Artykuły

Nr 5 (2024): Prawo i Więź Nr 5 (52) 2024

Normative-Legal Regulation of the Activities of International Private Military Companies

DOI
https://doi.org/10.36128/PRIW.VI52.960
Przesłane
17 czerwca 2024
Opublikowane
18.12.2024

Abstrakt

The article addresses the issue of normative-legal regulation concerning the operations of international private military companies (hereafter: PMCs). The specifics of the activities of international private military companies and their significance in the modern world are examined. The main emphasis is placed on analyzing documents that regulate the functioning of private military structures, particularly the Montreux Document, the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers, and the role of the International Association of the Code of Conduct in monitoring the actions of PMCs. Additionally, the mechanisms for regulating the activities of private military companies at the level of influential intergovernmental organizations such as the UN, EU, and NATO are analyzed. Challenges in the legal field resulting from the increased demand for PMC services are outlined. The conclusion drawn emphasizes the expediency of strengthening the normative-legal framework for regulating the activities of international private military companies.

Bibliografia

  1. Boddi Emmylou et al., Putting Private Security Regulation Into Practice: Sharing Good Practices On Procurement And Contracting 2015–2016. Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2016. https://www.dcaf.ch/sites/default/files/publications/documents/DCAF_Procurement_v5.pdf .
  2. Buriakovska Kateryna, „Zoboviazannia Pryvatnykh Okhoronnykh ta Viiskovykh Kompanii u Sferi Prav Liudyny: Ohliad Suchasnoi Pravovoi Ramky ta Praktyk Aspekt” Philosophy of Law and General Theory of Law, No. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/ 10.21564/2707-7039.1.247620.
  3. Cameron Lindsey, „Private Military Companies: their Status under International Humanitarian Law and its Impact on their Regulation” International Review of the Red Cross, No. 863 (2006): 577-579. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/irrc_863_cameron.pdf.
  4. Dobrzeniecki Karol, „Antropoarchiczna Krytyka Prywatyzacji Konfliktów Zbrojnych – Aspekty Prawne”Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny , No. 1 (2016): 113-126.
  5. Doswald-Beck Louise, „Private Military Companies under International Humanitarian Law” Oxford Scholarship Online, July (2007). https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199228485.003.0008.
  6. Gallaher Carolyn, „Risk and Private Military Work” Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography, No. 44 (2012): 13-18. https://doi.org/10.47459/lasr.2020.18.6.
  7. Giedraitis Aivaras, „Private Military Companies in the Foreign and Security Policy of the Russian Federation in 2014 – 2019” Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review, No. 18 (2020): 123-162. https://doi.org/10.47459/lasr.2020.18.6.
  8. Guidelines on the Use of Armed Security Services from Private Security Companies. Official website of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. November 8, 2012. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Mercenaries/WG/StudyPMSC/GuidelinesOnUseOfArmedSecurityServices.pdf.
  9. Hromovenko Konstiantyn, „Mizhnarodno-pravove rehuliuvannia diialnosti pryvatnykh viiskovykh ta okhoronnykh pidpryiemstv u peirod zbroinykh konfliktiv mizhnarodnoho kharakteru” Juridical Scientific and Electronic Journal, No. 6 (2015): 224-225. http://www.lsej.org.ua/6_2015/64.pdf.
  10. ISOA Code of Conduct. Official website of International Association of the Code of Conduct. 2001. https://stability-operations.org/page/Code.
  11. Kokhan Hanna, „Pravovi Pytannia Diialnosti Pryvatnykh Viiskovykh Kompanii: Mizhnarodnyi Aspekt” Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University, series “Public Management and Administration”, No. 2 (2020): 190-200. https://doi.org/10.32838/2707-0581/2020.2-3/31.
  12. Krahmann Elke, „Regulating Private Military Companies: What Role for the EU?” Contemporary Security Policy, No. 1 (2005): 103-125.
  13. Kryvavyi biznes: yak pratsiuiut pryvatni viiskovi kompanii ta chomu ‘Vahner’ ne slid vvazhaty PVK. We Ukraine TV channel. June 28, 2023. https://weukraine.tv/top/kryvavyj-biznes-yak-pratsyuyut-pryvatni-vijskovi-kompaniyi-ta-chomu-vagner-ne-slid-vvazhaty-pvk/.
  14. Kurecki Łukasz, Legal Status of Private Military Contractors in the Light of International Humanitarian Law. Gdynia: Akademia Marynarki Wojennej, 2013.
  15. Legislative Guidance Tool for States to Regulate Private Military and Security Companies. Montreux Document Forum. 2016. https://www.montreuxdocument.org/pdf/Legislative-Guidance-Toolkit.pdf.
  16. Matey Ebenezer Tetteh, Private Military Contractors And Piracy: The International Law Framework. Masters diss., Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, 2013).
  17. Montreux Five Years On: An analysis of State efforts to implement Montreux Document legal obligations and good practices. Human Rights in Business Program. 2013. https://ihrib.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/MontreuxFv31.pdf.
  18. „More Wagner Atrocities Reported in Mali” ADF Magazine, August 15, 2023. https://adf-magazine.com/2023/08/more-wagner-atrocities-reported-in-mali/
  19. Nevzorov Ihor, Pavlo Khotenets, „Pryvatni Viiskovi Kompanii ta Pravo: Hostri Pytannia, Deiaki Svitovi Tendentsii Normatyvnoho Rehuliuvannia”, [in:] Pidhotovka okhorontsiv pravoporiadku v Kharkovi (1917–2017 rr.). Kharkiv: KhNUVS, 2017.
  20. Olszanecka Natalia, „Rosyjskie Prywatne Firmy Wojskowe I Ich Rola W Polityce Wewnętrznej I Zagranicznej” Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne, No. 2 (2022): 123-162.
  21. Ostensen Ase Gilje, UN Use of Private Military and Security Companies: Practices and Policies. Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2011. https://www.dcaf.ch/sites/default/files/publications/documents/SSR_PAPER3.pdf.
  22. Pingeot Lou, „The United Nations Guidelines on the Use of Armed Private Security: Towards a Normalisation of UN Use of Security Contractors?” International Community Law Review, 2014.
  23. Private Military Companies Overview of the Phenomenon. The Practical Guide to Humanitarian Law, Médecins Sans Frontières. https://guide-humanitarian-law.org/content/article/3/private-military-companies/.
  24. Ryngaert Cedric, „Litigating Abuses Committed by Private Military Companies” European Journal of International Law, No. 5 (2008): 1045-1046.
  25. Schüller Andreas, „Rules and Responsibilities of Employees of Private Military Companies under International Humanitarian Law” S&F Sicherheit und Frieden, No. 25 (2008): 19-196. https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/0175-274x-2008-4-191/rules-and-responsibilities-of-employees-of-private-military-companies-under-international-humanitarian-law-volume-26-2008-issue-4?page=1.
  26. Semeniuk Yurii, „Zastosuvannia pryvatnykh viiskovykh kompanii dlia zabezpechennia natsionalnykh interesiv i bezpeky derzhavy” Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University series Public Management and Administration, No. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.32838/2663-6468/2020.2/38.
  27. Singer Peter, Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry. Cornel: Cornel University Press, 2003.
  28. Shaw Rebecca, „Private Military and Security Companies and International Humanitarian Law” [in:] Civility, Barbarism, And The Evolution Of International Humanitarian. 156-176. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
  29. Skupień Jakub, „Prywatne firmy wojskowe i ich rola we współczesnych konfliktach zbrojnych” Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis, No. 224 (2016).
  30. Swed Ori et al., „Private military and security companies in armed conflict” SIPRI Yearbook, (2023). https://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2023/04.
  31. Supporting the Montreux Document: Why and How?. Montreux Document Forum. 2020. https://www.montreuxdocument.org/pdf/2020-02-19_supporting-the-md_how-and-why.pdf?v=2020.
  32. Szozda Łukasz, „Prywatne firmy wojskowe” Bezpieczeństwo Narodowe, No. 11 (2006): 206-218.
  33. The Business of War – Growing risks from Private Military Companies. Official website of the Council of the European Union. 31 August 2023. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/66700/private-military-companies-final-31-august.pdf.
  34. The International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers. IcoCA. 2011. https://icoca.ch/the-code/.
  35. The Montreux Document. Switzerland: International Committee of the Red Cross & FDFA, 2009.
  36. Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949. International Humanitarian Law Databases, International Committee of the Red Cross. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/gciii-1949.
  37. Vystup na temu „Pryvatni viiskovi kompanii ta yikh rol u suchasnykh rehionalnykh konfliktakh” Official website of the Permanent Representation of Ukraine to international organizations in Vienna. 17 June 2020. https://vienna.mfa.gov.ua/news/vistup-na-temu-privatni-vijskovi-kompaniyi-ta-yih-rol-u-suchasnih-regionalnih-konfliktah.

Pobrania

Brak dostępnych danych do wyświetlenia.