
James Madison, known as “the Father of the Constitution”, was one of the most sophisticated thinkers of his time. He was also a passionate defender of the Philadelphia Constitutional Compromise. One of its core elements was a conception of federalism, which Madison defended throughout his life. This was the reason why he fought against Hamilton, who wanted to expand the power of the federal government, and later against nullifiers and radical supporters of states' rights. In this article, the author analyzes Madison’s concepts of federalism and divided sovereignty, arguing that Madison was not inconsistent, but always subordinated his theory and practice to defending these two core values.