Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
logo czasopisma

Articles

No. 4 (38) (2021)

The Threat of Organized Crime as a Justification for the Criminalization of Doping in Sport

DOI
https://doi.org/10.36128/priw.vi38.327
Submitted
August 18, 2021
Published
2022-01-06

Abstract

The phenomenon of doping in sport meets not only with a strong reaction in the area of disciplinary responsibility but increasingly also through a criminal response. The number of countries that decided to use the instruments of criminal
law has been steadily growing, especially in Europe. Admittedly, the solutions adopted in this respect are not uniform, which also results from the nature of the legal good which is the main object of protection. However, most of them provide for the punishment of such behaviours as production, marketing or trafficking of prohibited substances in sport, which is a direct consequence of the
recognition that the problem of doping in the sport involves organized crime.

References

  1. Anderson Jack, „Doping, sport and the law: time for repeal of prohibition?” The International Journal of Law in Context, nr 9 (2013): 135-139.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  2. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744552313000050.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  3. Armstrong Gary, Luke Hodges-Ramon, Sport and crime. Oxford: Oxford Handbooks, 2015.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  4. Bojsen-Moller, Jens, Ask Vest Christiansen, „Use of performance- and image-enhancing substances among recreational athletes: A quantitative analysis of inquiries submitted to the Danish anti-doping authorities” Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, nr 9 (2009): 861-867.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01023.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  6. Haas Ulrich, „Revising to the World Anti-Doping Code”, [w:] Doping in sport and the law, red. Ulrich Haas, Deborah Heale. 19-43. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2016.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  7. Heshka Jon, „The criminality of doping in sport”, International Sports Law Review, nr 1-2 (2009): 118-129.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  8. David Hughes, „Organised crime and drugs in sport: did they teach us about that in medical school?” British Journal of Sports Medicine, nr 11 (2013): 661-662.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092570.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  10. Kobierecka Anna, Michał Marcin Kobierecki, „The negative implications of Russia’s doping scandal on the country’s international image” Eastern Review, nr 8 (2019): 161-182.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  11. https://doi.org/10.18778/1427-9657.08.07.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  12. Leciak Michał, „Ticket scalping w sporcie – współczesne zagrożenia oraz zasadność i perspektywy reakcji karnej” Archiwum Kryminologii, nr XLI/1 (2019): 439-463.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/AK2019J.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  14. Lowther Jason, „Effectiveness, proportionality and deterrence. Does criminalizing doping deliver?”, [w:] Routledge Handbook of Drugs and Sport, red. Verner Moller, Ivan Waddington, John Hoberman. 337-349. Abingdon: Routledge, 2015.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  15. Michalska-Warias Aneta, „Przestępczość zorganizowana a sport w świetle badań kryminologicznych”, [w:] Sport a przestępczość zorganizowana”, red. Michał Leciak. 3-20. Warszawa: C. H. Beck, 2018.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  16. Organised crime and drugs in sport. New Generation Performance and Image Enhancing Drugs and Organised Criminal Involvement in their use in Professional Sport, Canberra 2013.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  17. https://www.ssaa.org.au/wpcontent/uploads/2020/09/2013-02_acc-organised-crime-and-drugs-insport.pdf.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  18. Paoli Letizia, Alessandro Donati, The Sports Doping Market. Understanding Supply and Demand, and the Challenges of Their Control. New York: Springer, 2014.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  19. Paoli Letizia, Alessandro Donati, The supply of doping products and the potential of criminal law enforcement in anti-doping: an examination of Italy’s experience. Leuven: 2013.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  20. Pharmaceutical Crime and Organized Criminal Groups. An analysis of the involvement of organized criminal groups in pharmaceutical crime since 2008. Report, Interpol 17.2.2014.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  21. Piechota Rafał, „Reguły antydopingowe w prawie międzynarodowym” Studia Iuridica Toruniensia, nr 6 (2010): 152-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/SIT.2010.007.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  22. Piechota Rafał, „Zwalczanie nielegalnego handlu substancjami dopingującymi w prawie międzynarodowym i polityce organizacji międzynarodowych”, [w:] Sport a przestępczość zorganizowana, red. Michał Leciak. 61-73. Warszawa: C. H. Beck, 2018.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  23. Savulescu Julian, „Healthy doping: why we should legalise performanceenhancing drugs in spor”, red. Verner Moller, Ivan Waddington,
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  24. John Hoberman. 637-639. Abingdon: Routledge, 2015.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  25. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.005249.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>
  26. Tarasti Lauri, „Interplay between doping sactions imposed by a criminal court and by a sport organisation” The International Sports Law Journal, nr 3-4 (2007): 15-19.
    Show in Google Scholar -->>

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.