
The energy crisis of 2021-2023 and to some extent, the related full-scale war in Ukraine have been a catalyst for the EU’s energy policy response, thus contributing to the creation of new regulatory tools by the European Union to establish a more systemic response by this international organisation to future threats. An analysis of the delegated and implementing acts adopted in recent years justifies the identification of three levels of EU response to the energy crisis. These concern preventive measures against possible gas supply disruptions to the Member States during the winter of 2021/2022, the promotion of cross-border cooperation in the field of renewable energy to enhance energy security in the EU, and the prevention of electricity crises triggered by digital attacks. Some of these measures can be seen as some attempt to create more systemic tools that would be used by the Commission to respond to future crisis threats that are ongoing in parallel.