This paper evaluates the effectiveness of Vietnam’s legal framework in addressing alcohol-related driving violations and identifies key challenges affecting enforcement. Using a qualitative approach, the research systematically analyzes legal documents, statistical data, and expert opinions. The findings reveal three critical issues: (1) the lack of scientific support for strict regulations, resulting in low public acceptance and enforcement challenges; (2) limited diversity in penalty measures, reducing the deterrent and educational impact; and (3) the absence of a comprehensive national database for tracking violators, hindering effective management of repeat offenses. The study provides evidence-based recommendations for legal reforms, emphasizing the need for diverse, scientifically grounded, and practical approaches to enhance traffic safety and policy implementation. The study aims to improve Vietnam’s traffic safety and policy effectiveness by addressing these gaps and implementing more comprehensive and valuable strategies. While the research focuses on Vietnam’s unique context, its findings provide valuable insights for other nations grappling with similar challenges, underscoring the importance of adopting a multidimensional and evidence-driven approach to managing alcohol-related driving violations.