The changing security situation has led to the hastening of Poland’s efforts to introduce adequate legal solutions concerning homeland defense, taking into account the modern reality. The Homeland Defense Act of March 11 2022, largely focuses on the issue of mandatory military service while introducing a new mechanism for the acquisition of additional funds for arming and moderninizing the Polish Armed Forces. However, this paper examines the changes in Polish regulation concerning the homeland defense duties of all citizens, including those defined as civilians rather than soldiers. The paper muses on the nature of homeland defense as defined by the law in force and on the homeland defense duties imposed on citizens by the Defense Act of March 11 2022.