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Articles

No. 3 (41) (2022)

Non-Medical Exemptions From Obligatory Vaccination in the United States. : Conscience Clause for Anti-Vaxxers?

Submitted
3 April 2022
Published
20-10-2022

Abstract

The author aims at presenting and analysing the legal status of conscientious exemptions from mandatory vaccination in the United States. He applies formal-dogmatic approach, as well as a historical-legal method in the paper. The author places the issue in the context of demands for conscientious exemptions from laws of general applicability that increasingly occur in various spheres of social life. The author outlines the historical
background of vaccination hesitancy, the first regulations concerning mandatory vaccination, and exemptions from it. Arguments raised by proponents of the anti-vaccine move-
ment are presented, equally with sociological studies on them. As far as American regulations are concerned, the author comments on the historical development of the mandatory vaccination laws in the USA, their underpinning in the Supreme Court case law, and the first legal disputes that arose around the issue under study. The author examines current legal status of the problem with references to the recent case law of state courts, and possible development trends. The author convinces that exemptions under study should be recognised as an example of the conscientious clause; they rely on states’ lawmakers’ decisions and their application is restricted to persons recalling conscientious reasons, inlay or religious form.

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