Recent events in Ukraine and Poland related to the influx of Ukrainian agricultural products into the European Union, including Poland, prompt the question of agricultural ownership in Ukraine. Specifically, the authors emphasize that it is important to know who owns the farmland in Ukraine and thus benefits from the duty-free import of farm products into the Member States of the European Union. The answer to this question leads to the resolution of an even more important problem concerning the access of the Ukrainian nation to the ownership of agricultural land in Ukraine after independence and thus the answer to the question as to the degree of social justice in this respect, consisting in the possibility of purchasing and possessing agricultural land by ordinary people. All legal instruments relating to farmland turnover are subject to analysis, especially recent ones.