Treść głównego artykułu

Abstrakt

This research extends the examination of intellectual property (IP) law by delving into its intricate relationship with branding in the contemporary marketplace. Building on foundational philosophical theories such as John Locke's Labour Theory, Hegelian Personality Theory, and utilitarianism, the study explores how these theories influence both the legal frameworks and strategic dimensions of branding. Branding is positioned as a vital form of intellectual capital that transcends trademarks and logos, embodying corporate identities and fostering emotional connections with consumers. The research investigates the alignment of IP philosophies with branding objectives, highlighting the role of IP law in protecting and promoting brand identities.


Furthermore, the study examines the Economic Theory of IP, emphasizing its impact on innovation and creativity in brand development, alongside the Theory of Social Good, which considers brands’ contributions to societal welfare and cultural richness. The Democratic Theory and Theory of Justice are also explored to understand brand equity and equitable access to cultural symbols.


Through real-world case studies, the research demonstrates the practical linkages of IP philosophies on branding strategies, illustrating the balance between creator rights and the public interest, as well as the ethical considerations in brand protection and development. This exploration reveals the dynamic interplay between legal and philosophical frameworks, offering a nuanced understanding of how IP law and branding collectively shape the global marketplace and cultural landscape.

Słowa kluczowe

Intellectual Property Law, Philosophical Foundations, Labour Theory, Utilitarianism, Personality Theory, Economic Incentives, Cultural Diversity, Legal Frameworks, Branding, Brand Strategy Intellectual Property Law, Philosophical Foundations, Labour Theory, Utilitarianism, Personality Theory, Economic Incentives, Cultural Diversity, Legal Frameworks, Branding, Brand Strategy

Szczegóły artykułu

Biogram autora

Mirosław Pawełczyk - Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach

Mirosław Pawełczyk , doktor habilitowany nauk prawnych, profesor Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach, Centrum Prawa Designu, Mody i Reklamy na tej samej uczelni

Referencje

  1. Acs Zoltan J., Mark Sanders, „Patents, knowledge spillovers, and entrepreneurship” Small business economics, 39 (2012): 801-817.
  2. Ahmad Salma, Azmi Khan, „Tesla: Disruptor or Sustaining Innovator” Journal of Case Research, 1 (2019).
  3. Ahuja Vandana, „Louis Vuitton: Using digital presence for brand repositioning and CRM”, [in:] Handbook of research on effective marketing in contemporary globalism. 315-324. Pensylvania: IGI Global, 2014.
  4. Aljafari Abdulla, „Apple Inc. industry analysis business policy and strategy” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 3 (2016): 406-441.
  5. Amit Raphael, Christoph Zott, „Creating value through business model innovation” MIT Sloan management Review (2012).
  6. Anderson Jamie, Robin Wood, „Seven management lessons from Microsoft” Business Strategy Review, 3 (2002): 28-33.
  7. Baker Sunny, „What every business should learn from Microsoft” Journal of Business Strategy, 5 (1998): 36-42.
  8. Balkin Jack M., „Digital speech and democratic culture: A theory of freedom of expression for the information socjety” New York University Law Review, 1 (2017): 325-382.
  9. Bansal Jitendra, Krishna Chandra Balodi, Rajesh Jain, Sagnika Datta, „Strategy and business model evolution at Adobe: Competing in digital media software industry” Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases, 2 (2023): 136-144.
  10. Banutu-Gomez Michael Ba, „Coca-Cola: International business strategy for globalization” The Business & Management Review, 1 (2012): 155.
  11. Barros Inês Peso de Oliveira, Ben & Jerry’s: Case Study on Children’s Social Awareness and its Impact on Corporate Strategy. Master's thesis, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2011.
  12. Bastos Wilson, Sidney J. Levy, „A history of the concept of branding: practice and theory” Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 3 (2012): 347-368.
  13. Baxter Stacey M., Jasmina Ilicic, Alicia Kulczynski, „Roses are red, violets are blue, sophisticated brands have a Tiffany Hue: The effect of iconic brand color priming on brand personality judgments” Journal of Brand Management, 25 (2018): 384-394.
  14. Baye Michael, Managerial economics and business strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010.
  15. Bentham Jeremy, John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism and other essays. London: Penguin, 2004.
  16. Bettig Ronald V., Copyrighting culture: The political economy of intellectual property. London: Routledge, 2018.
  17. Bilbeisi Khamis M., Moulare Kesse, „Tesla: A successful entrepreneurship strategy” Morrow, GA: Clayton State University, 1 (2017): 1-18,
  18. Boldrin Michele, David Levine, „The Case Against Intellectual Property” American Economic Review, No. 2 (2002): 209-212.
  19. Boylan Michael, „Utilitarianism” Teaching Ethics with Three Philosophical Novels (2017): 45-62.
  20. Boyte Alina Ng, „The Social Value of Intellectual Property” IP Theory, 12.3 (2023): 1-28.
  21. Bracha Oren, Talha Syed, „Beyond efficiency: Consequence-sensitive theories of copyright” Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 29 (2014): 229-316.
  22. Brown Gerald, Joseph Keegan, Brian Vigus, Kevin Wood, „The Kellogg company optimizes production, inventory, and distribution” Interfaces, 6 (201): 1-15.
  23. Burnick Sarah, „The importance of the design patent to modern day technology: The Supreme Court’s decision to narrow the damages clause in Samsung v. Apple” North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology, 5 (2017): 283.
  24. Champaneri Apeksha, Jain Prachi, „A content marketing as the leading technique in digital marketing: A case of Nike” International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 4 (2021).
  25. Cheng-chi Chang, „The Clash of Theories: Semiotic Democracy and Personality Theory in Intellectual Property Law” Law & World, 26 (2023): 14-22.
  26. Chronopoulos Apostolos, Spyros M. Maniatis, „Property Rights in Brand Image: The Contribution of the EUIPO Boards of Appeal to the Free-Riding Theory of Trade Mark Protection” EUIPO, 20 (2017): 147-162.
  27. Chu Bodi, „Analysis on the success of Coca-Cola marketing strategy”, [in:] 2020 2nd International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCI 2020). 96-100, Atlantis Press, 2020.
  28. Clarke James Alexander, „Fichte and Hegel on recognition” British Journal for the History of Philosophy 17.2 (2009): 365-385.
  29. Cohen Julie E., „Creativity and culture in copyright theory” Copyright Law, (2017): 473-527.
  30. Coombe Rosemary J., „Objects of property and subjects of politics: Intellectual property laws and democratic dialogue” Texas Law Review, 69 (1990): 1853-1880.
  31. Cosenz Federico, Vinicius Picanco Rodrigues, Francesco Rosati, „Dynamic business modeling for sustainability: Exploring a system dynamics perspective to develop sustainable business models” Business Strategy and the Environment, 2 (2020): 651-664.
  32. Croskery Patrick, „Institutional Utilitarianism and Intellectual Property” Chicago-Kent Law Review, 69 (1992): 631-657.
  33. Dastaran Sasan, Balancing Profits and Ethics: Gilead's Innovative Strategy in Low-Income Countries, 2022.
  34. Dean Norman L., The Man behind the bottle: the origin and history of the classic contour Coca-Cola bottle as told by the son of its creator. Xlibris Corporation, 2010.
  35. Derclaye Estelle, Tim Taylor, Happy IP: Replacing the Law and Economics Justification for Intellectual Property Rights with a Well-Being Approach, 2015. papers.ssrn.com.
  36. Derek Haacker, Cory Nolan, Venkatachalam Seshan, „Acquiring Gilead Sciences as a Proposed Strategy for Merck & Co. Growth” Emerging Dimensions of Technology Management, (2013): 185-200.
  37. Devlin Alan, Neel Sukhatme, „Self-Realizing Inventions and the Utilitarian Foundation of Patent Law” William & Mary Law Review, 51 (2009): 897.
  38. Dobusch Leonhardt, Jacob Kapeller, „Open strategy between crowd and community: lessons from wikimedia and creative commons”, Academy of Management Proceedings, No. 1 (2013): 561-579.
  39. Dranove David, Sonia Marciano, Kellogg on Strategy: concepts, tools, and frameworks for practitioners. Hoboken: Wiley, 2005.
  40. Ellis Elisabeth, Provisional politics: Kantian arguments in policy context. New Heaven: Yale University Press, 2008.
  41. Fisher William W., „Theories of Intellectual Property”, [in:] New Essays in the Legal and Political Theory of Property, ed. Stephen Munzer. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001. https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/37373274/iptheory.pdf?sequence=1.
  42. Flynn Matthew B., Pharmaceutical autonomy and public health in Latin America: State, society and industry in Brazil’s AIDS program. London: Routledge, 2014.
  43. Fox Vanessa, Marketing in the Age of Google, Revised and Updated: Your Online Strategy IS Your Business Strategy. New York: John Wiley & Sons 2012.
  44. Fraser J. A., „A return to basics at Kellogg” MIT Sloan management review, 4 (2004): 27-30.
  45. Frischmann Brett M., Mark A. Lemley, „Spillovers” Columbia Law Review, 107 (2007): 257-301.
  46. Geiger Christophe, „Can IP Rights Be Freely Reformed, Limited or Repealed, or Are There Restrictions Resulting from Constitutional Theory and Fundamental Rights?” Jotwell: Journal of Things We Like (2021): ??
  47. Gersen John E., C. Scott Hemphill, „The Coca-Cola Bottle: A Fragile Vessel for Building a Brand” NYU Law and Economics Research Paper, No. 23-12 (2022).
  48. Giovanni Battista Ramello, „Access to vs. exclusion from knowledge: Intellectual property, efficiency and social justice”, [in:] Intellectual property and theories of justice, ed. Axel Gosseries, Alain Marciano, Alain Strowel. 73-93. New York: Palgrave, 2008.
  49. Guichardaz Rémy, „4. What would be a fair intellectual property? A dynamic inquiry through the Rawlsian theory of justice” Cahiers d'économie politique, 1 (2022): 91-125.
  50. Hai Solange, Richard L Daft, „When missions collide” Organizational Dynamics, 4 (2016): 283-290.
  51. Heim Irina, „The Protection of IP” Intellectual Property Management: Interdisciplinary Knowledge for Business Decision-Making (2023): 37-52.
  52. Henry Claude, Joseph E. Stiglitz, „Intellectual property, dissemination of innovation and sustainable development” Global Policy 1.3 (2010): 237-251.
  53. Heracleous Loizos, „Quantum strategy at apple inc.” Organizational Dynamics, 2 (2013): 92-99.
  54. Hesse Tom-Michael, Veronika Lerche, Marcus Seiler, Konstantin Knoess, Barbara Paech, „Documented decision-making strategies and decision knowledge in open source projects: An empirical study on Firefox issue reports” Information and Software Technology, 79 (2016): 36-51.
  55. Heyman Steven J., „The Light of Nature: John Locke, Natural Rights, and the Origins of American Religious Liberty” Marquette Law Review, 101 (2017): 705-774.
  56. Hsiao Kuo-Lun, „What drives smartwatch adoption intention? Comparing Apple and non-Apple watches” Library Hi Tech, 1 (2017): 186-206.
  57. Huang Yong-Chun, Yang Chen, Huang Mu Han, „The Research on the Constituent System of Growth Competence of Independent Intellectual Property Famous Brand-Based on Brand Competitiveness Theory”, [in:] 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science. 1-5. Kunming: IEEE, 2020.
  58. Huang Yong-Chun, Yang Chen, Huang Mu Han, „The Research on the Constituent System of Growth Competence of Independent Intellectual Property Famous Brand-Based on Brand Competitiveness Theory”, [in:] 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science.1-5. Kunming: IEEE, 2020.
  59. Hughes Justin, „The personality interest of artists and inventors in intellectual property” Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal, 16 (1998): 81-181.
  60. Ilie Livia, „Intellectual property rights: an economic approach” Procedia Economics and Finance, 16 (2014): 548-552.
  61. Jankowska Marlena, Mirosław Pawełczyk, „Intellectual Property Law: Philosophical Foundations, Theoretical Frameworks, and Cross-Pollination” Prawo i Więź, No. 4 (2023): 549-587.
  62. Jenkins John J., „Locke and Natural rights” Philosophy 42 (1967): 149-154.
  63. Joong Chang Young, Kim Jaibeom, Joo Jaewoo, „An Exploratory Study on the Evolution of Design Thinking: Comparison of Apple and Samsung” Design Management Journal, 1 (2013): 22-34.
  64. Kahn Barbara E., Brian Wansink, „The Influence of Assortment Structure on Perceived Variety and Consumption Quantities” Journal of Consumer Research, No. 4 (2004): 519-533.
  65. Kanu Priya, „Intellectual Property and Hegelian Justification” National University of Juridical Sciences Law Review, 1 (2008): 259-366.
  66. Kapferer Jean-Noël, Vincent Bastien, The luxury strategy: Break the rules of marketing to build luxury brands. London: Kogan Page, 2012.
  67. Kaur Jasleen, „Allure of the Abroad: Tiffany & Co., Its Cultural Influence, and Consumers” M/C Journal, 5 (2016).
  68. Kelly Paul Joseph, Utilitarianism and distributive justice: Jeremy Bentham and the Civil Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.
  69. Knowles Dudley, „Hegel on property and personality” The Philosophical Quarterly, 33.130 (1983): 45-62.
  70. Kornyo Emmanuel, „Patent Protection and the Global Access to Essential Pharmaceuticals during Patent Infringements under TRIPS” Voices in Bioethics, (2015).
  71. Kotler Philip, „Thinking about Marketing”, [in:] Kellogg on marketing, ed. Alice M. Tybout, Bobby J. Calder. Hoboken: Wiley, 2010.
  72. Lang John W., Beat Reber, Huda Aldori, „How Tesla created advantages in the ev automotive paradigm, through an integrated business model of value capture and value creation” Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, (2021): 385-404.
  73. Lazonick William, Matt Hopkins, Ken Jacobson, Mustafa Erdem Sakinç, Öner Tulum, „US Pharma's Business Model: Why it is broken, and how it can be fixed”, [in:] The Routledge Handbook of the Political Economy of Science. 83-100. London: Routledge, 2017.
  74. Lee Peter, Madhavi Sunder, „Design patents: law without design” Stanford Technology Law Review, 17 (2013): 277.
  75. Lemley Mark A., Eugene Volokh, „Freedom of speech and injunctions in intellectual property cases” Duke Law Journal, 48 (1998): 147-242.
  76. Lewin Peter, „Creativity or coercion: Alternative perspectives on rights to intellectual property” Journal of Business Ethics, 71 (2007): 441-455.
  77. Lindgardt Zhenya, Martin Reeves, George Stalk, Jr, Michael Deimler, „Business model innovation: When the game gets tough, change the game”, [in:] Own the future: 50 ways to win from The Boston Consulting Group. 291-298. Hoboken: Wiley, 2012.
  78. Locke John, Locke: Two treatises of government student edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
  79. Locke John, The Works of John Locke. Vol. I. London: T. Longman, 1794.
  80. Lockhart Bill, Bill Porter, „The dating game: tracking the Hobble-Skirt Coca-Cola bottle” Bottles and Extras, September-October (2010): 46-61.
  81. Lor Peter Johan, Johannes Jacobus Britz, „Is a knowledge society possible without freedom of access to information?” Journal of information science, 4 (2007): 387-397.
  82. Lozic Josko, „Comparison of business models of the streaming platforms Spotify and Netflix” Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings, (2020): 110-119.
  83. Mahdi Hussain Ali, Mohammed Abbas, Taher Ilyas Mazar, Shaju George, „A Comparative Analysis of Strategies and Business Models of Nike, Inc. and Adidas Group with special reference to Competitive Advantage in the context of a Dynamic and Competitive Environment” International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research, 3 (2015): 167-177.
  84. Mao Yanhui, Yao Lai, Yuwei Luo, Shan Liu, Yixin Du, Jing Zhou, Jianhong Ma, Flavia Bonaiuto, Marino Bonaiuto, „Apple or Huawei: Understanding flow, brand image, brand identity, brand personality and purchase intention of smartphone” Sustainability, 8 (2020): 1-22.
  85. May Christopher, The global political economy of intellectual property rights: The new enclosures. London: Routledge, 2015.
  86. May Christopher, The global political economy of intellectual property rights: The new enclosures. London: Routledge, 2000.
  87. McKay Spencer, Democratic theory and the commons: conceptualizing the relationship between deliberation, publics, and the internet. Diss. University of British Columbia, 2013.
  88. Merges Robert P., Philosophical foundations of IP law: the law and economics paradigm, 2016; Ioannis Lianos, A Regulatory Theory of IP. Implications for Competition Law, 2008.
  89. Mirvis Philip H., „Environmentalism in progressive businesses” Journal of Organizational Change Management, 4 (1994): 82-100.
  90. Moore Adam D., „A Lockean Theory of Intellectual Property Revisited” San Diego Law Review, 49 (2012):1069-1104.
  91. Moore Adam D., „Personality-Based, Rule-Utilitarian, and Lockean Justifications of Intellectual Property”, [in:] The Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics, ed. Kenneth Einar Himma, Herman T. Tavani. 105-128. John Wiley& Sons: Hoboken, 2008.
  92. Mossoff Adam, „Saving Locke from Marx: The Labor Theory of Value in Intellectual Property Theory” Social Philosophy and Policy, 2 (2012): 283-317.
  93. Mtima Lateef, „IP Social Justice Theory: Access, Inclusion, and Empowerment” Gonzaga Law Review, 55 (2019): 401-420.
  94. Murphy Darryl J., „Are intellectual property rights compatible with Rawlsian principles of justice?” Ethics and information technology, 14.2 (2012): 109-121.
  95. Nagasawa Shin’ya, Marketing Principles of Louis Vuitton-The Strongest Brand Strategy. Doctoral dissertation, Waseda University, 2009.
  96. Nagel Thomas, „Rawls on justice” The Philosophical Review (1973): 220-234.
  97. Nelson Dustin S., „Justice in Intellectual Property” Ethics, Politics & Society 3 (2020): 49-72.
  98. O’Regan Karla M., „Downloading personhood: A Hegelian theory of copyright law” Canadian Journal of Law and Technology, 2 (2010):1-40.
  99. Oh H., „LearnersWriting Performance, Revision Behavior, Writing Strategy, and Perception in Wiki-mediated Collaborative Writing” Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning, 17 (2014): 176-199.
  100. Oh Soyoung, Jongeun Kim, „Analysis of the Marketing Strategy of a Luxury Brand and its Success in Selected Asian Countries” International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 1 (2011): 239-257.
  101. Page Antony, Robert A Katz, „Freezing out Ben & Jerry: Corporate law and the sale of a social enterprise icon” Vermont Law Review, 35 (2010): 211-249.
  102. Palfrey John, Intellectual property strategy. Boston: MIT Press, 2011.
  103. Peck Janice, „The secret of her success: Oprah Winfrey and the seductions of self-transformation, Journal of Communication Inquiry, 1 (2010): 7-14.
  104. Pringle-Pattison Andrew Seth, Hegelianism and personality. Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1887.
  105. Proskine Emily Anne, „Google's technicolor dreamcoat: A copyright analysis of the Google Book Search library project” Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 1 (2006): 213-239.
  106. Pum-Mo Ryu, Myung-Gil Jang, Hyun-Ki Kim, „Open domain question answering using Wikipedia-based knowledge model” Information Processing & Management, 5 (2014): 683-692.
  107. Radu Uszkai, „Intellectual Property has no Personality” Annals of the University of Bucharest. Philosophy Series, 2 (2017): 181-205.
  108. Ramaswamy Vivek, „Co‐creating value through customers' experiences: the Nike case” Strategy & leadership, 5 (2008): 9-14.
  109. Rattalino Francesco, „Circular advantage anyone? Sustainability‐driven innovation and circularity at Patagonia” Thunderbird International Business Review, 5 (2018): 747-755.
  110. Reichman Jerome H., Jonathan A. Franklin, „Privately legislated intellectual property rights: Reconciling freedom of contract with public good uses of information” University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 147 (1998): 875-970.
  111. Robson Karen, Jeremy de Beer, Ian Paul McCarthy, „Open branding: Managing the unauthorized use of brand-related intellectual property” Business Horizons, 6 (2020): 773-785.
  112. Rooksby Jacob H., The branding of the American mind: How universities capture, manage, and monetize intellectual property and why it matters. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2016.
  113. Rosenblatt Elizabeth L., „Intellectual Property’s Negative Space: Beyond the Utilitarian” Florida State University Law Review, 40 (2012): 441-486.
  114. Samuelson Pamela, „Copyright and freedom of expression in historical perspective” Journal of Intellectual Property Law, 10 (2002): 319-344.
  115. Samuelson Pamela, „The Google book settlement as copyright reform” William & Mary Law Review, (2011): 479-562.
  116. Sang Yoonmo, „Revisiting Copyright Theories: Democratic Culture and the Resale of Digital Goods” Communication Theory, 3 (2019): 277-296.
  117. Scafidi Susan, „Intellectual property and cultural products” Boton University Law Review, 81 (2001): 793-842.
  118. Schroeder Jeanne L., „Unnatural rights: Hegel and intellectual property” University of Miami Law Review, 60 (2005): 454-504.
  119. Schroeder Jeanne L., „Unnatural rights: Hegel and intellectual property” University of Miami Law Review, 60 (2005): 453-504.
  120. Schuhmacher Alexander, Oliver Gassmann, Nigel McCracken, Markus Hinder, „Open innovation: A paradigm shift in pharma R&D?” Drug Discovery Today, 9 (2022): 2395-2405.
  121. Shao Ken, „From Lockean Theory to Intellectual Property: Marriage by Mistake and its Incompatibility with Knowledge, Creativity and Dissemination” Hong Kong Law Journal, 39 (2009): 401-420.
  122. Shelley Cameron, „The nature of simplicity in Apple design” The Design Journal, 3 (2015): 439-456.
  123. Smith, Alan D., „Corporate social responsibility practices in the pharmaceutical industry” Business Strategy Series, 6 (2008): 306-315.
  124. Snyder David A., „Two Problems with the Value of Participation in Democratic Theory and Copyright” Texas Law Review, 89 (2010): 1019.
  125. Stappmanns Fiona, „Sustainable Business Model Innovation: The Cases of Patagonia Inc. and Bureo Skateboards” Impact: The Journal of Innovation Impact,2 (2020).
  126. Stiglitz Joseph E., „Economic foundations of intellectual property rights” Duke Law Journal, 57 (2007): 1693-1724.
  127. Sunder Madhavi, „Review of ‘Intellectual Property and Theories of Justice’” Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics, 3.1 (2010): 114–118.
  128. Sunder Madhavi, From goods to a good life: Intellectual property and global justice. New Haeven: Yale University Press, 2012.
  129. Tamburrini Giovanni, Sergey Butakov, „The Philosophy Behind Fair Use: Another Step Towards Utilitarianism” Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, No. 3 (2014): 190-202.
  130. Teece David J., „Business models, business strategy and innovation” Long range planning, 2-3 (2010): 172-194.
  131. Thomke Stefan, Barbara Feinberg, „Design thinking and innovation at apple” Harvard Business School Case, (2009): 609-066.
  132. Utama Andrew S., Ade P. Susanty, „Legal Strategy for Intellectual Property Protection in the Era of Open-source and Creative Commons in Indonesia” The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights, 1 (2023): 17-24.
  133. Vaver David, „Does intellectual property have personality?” Rights of Personality in Scots law: A Comparative Perspective, 2009.
  134. Verspagen Bart, „Intellectual property rights in the world economy”, [in:] Economics, law and intellectual property: seeking strategies for research and teaching in a developing field. 489-518. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003.
  135. Viner Jacob, „Bentham and JS Mill: The utilitarian background” The American Economic Review, 2 (1949): 360-382.
  136. Walton Nigel, „‘Four-Closure’: How Amazon, Apple, Facebook & Google are driving business model innovation”, [in:] 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science. 97-101. Kunming: IEEE, 2020.
  137. Wansink Brian, Helping consumers eat less. Food Technology, May, 2007.
  138. Weber Rolf H., Ulrike I. Heinrich, „IP address allocation through the lenses of public goods and scarce resources theories” SCRIPTed, 8 (2011): 69-92.
  139. Wilf Eitan, Eva Illouz, „’Dynamic branding’: The case of Oprah Winfrey” Women & Performance: a journal of feminist theory, 1 (2010): 71-84.
  140. Williams Evan G., „Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Acceptance” The Journal of Ethics (2023): 1-24.
  141. Yüksekbilgili Zeki, „The use of guerilla marketing in SMEs” International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Review (IJAMRR), 2 (2014): 2-7.